Class 10 - Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?

(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel

Answer: (a) Aluminium Smelting

(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers etc.?

(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium Smelting
(d) Information Technology

Answer: (b) Electronic

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2. Answer the Following Briefly in Not More Than 30 Words

(i) What is manufacturing?

Answer:
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into more valuable finished goods using labour, machines, tools and technology on a large scale.

(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.

Answer:
Basic industries are industries whose products are used as raw materials for other industries. Example: Iron and Steel Industry.

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3. Write the Answers of the Following Questions in 120 Words

(i) How do industries pollute the environment?

Answer:
Industries pollute the environment in various ways. Air pollution occurs due to the emission of smoke, dust and harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from factories. Water pollution is caused when untreated industrial wastes, chemicals and hot water are discharged into rivers, lakes and ponds. Industries also generate solid wastes that contaminate land and reduce soil fertility. Noise pollution is produced by machines, generators, compressors and other industrial equipment. These forms of pollution adversely affect human health, wildlife and ecosystems. Industrial pollution contributes to global warming, acid rain and environmental degradation. Therefore, proper waste management and pollution-control measures are necessary to reduce the harmful effects of industries.

(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.

Answer:
Several measures can be taken to minimise environmental degradation caused by industries. Industries should install pollution-control devices such as electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and filters to reduce air pollution. Effluents must be treated before being discharged into water bodies. Recycling and reuse of industrial waste should be encouraged. Cleaner and energy-efficient technologies should be adopted to reduce emissions and resource consumption. Afforestation around industrial areas can help improve air quality. Industries should strictly follow environmental regulations and standards set by the government. Regular monitoring of pollution levels and proper waste disposal systems are also essential. These measures help protect natural resources, maintain ecological balance and promote sustainable industrial development.