Class 10 - Chapter 4: Water Agriculture

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?

(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture

Answer: (b) Plantation Agriculture

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?

(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton

Answer: (b) Gram

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?

(a) Pulses
(b) Jowar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum

Answer: (a) Pulses

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2. Answer the Following Questions in 30 Words

(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

Answer:
Tea is an important beverage crop. It grows well in tropical and subtropical climates with high temperature, heavy rainfall, deep fertile soil and well-drained hill slopes.

(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.

Answer:
Rice is the staple crop of India. It is mainly produced in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Assam.

(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.

Answer:
The government introduced land reforms, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, Green Revolution, Kisan Credit Card (KCC), crop insurance schemes and Minimum Support Price (MSP) programmes for farmers.

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3. Answer the Following Questions in About 120 Words

(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.

Answer:
The Government of India has taken several initiatives to increase agricultural production. Land reforms were introduced to improve land ownership and reduce inequalities. The Green Revolution promoted the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and modern irrigation methods. Institutional support was provided through agricultural research centres, extension services and rural banks. The government introduced Minimum Support Price (MSP) to ensure fair prices for farmers. Schemes such as the Kisan Credit Card provide easy access to credit. Crop insurance programmes help farmers manage risks due to natural disasters. Investments in irrigation projects, rural infrastructure and agricultural technology have further contributed to increasing productivity and ensuring food security in the country.

(ii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

Answer:
Rice is a kharif crop that requires high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. It grows best in areas with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C during the growing season. Annual rainfall of more than 100 cm is ideal, although irrigation can support cultivation in regions with lower rainfall. Rice requires fertile alluvial or clayey soil that can retain water for long periods. Flat plains, river valleys and delta regions provide suitable conditions for rice cultivation. Adequate water supply throughout the growing period is essential because rice is usually grown in flooded fields. These geographical conditions make the northern plains, coastal regions and river deltas important rice-producing areas of India.