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Mathematics solution NCERT

Class 9 - Chapter 4: Exploring Algebraic Identities

NCERTChapter 4Solution- Exercise Set 4.5

Q1: Simplify the following rational expressions (assuming the denominators are not equal to zero).

(i)

(3p² − 3pq − 18q²)/(p² + 3pq − 10q²)

Factor the numerator:

3p² − 3pq − 18q²

= 3(p² − pq − 6q²)

= 3(p − 3q)(p + 2q)

Factor the denominator:

p² + 3pq − 10q²

= (p + 5q)(p − 2q)

Therefore,

(3p² − 3pq − 18q²)/(p² + 3pq − 10q²)

= 3(p − 3q)(p + 2q) / [(p + 5q)(p − 2q)]

Answer:

3(p − 3q)(p + 2q) / [(p + 5q)(p − 2q)]


(ii)

(n³ − 3n²m + 3nm² − m³)/(5m² − 10mn + 5n²)

Recognize the identities:

n³ − 3n²m + 3nm² − m³

= (n − m)³

5m² − 10mn + 5n²

= 5(m − n)²

= 5(n − m)²

Cancel common factors:

(n − m)³ / 5(n − m)²

= (n − m)/5

Answer:

(n − m)/5


(iii)

(w³ − v³ + x³ + 3wvx) / (w² + v² + x² − 2wv − 2vx + 2wx)

Use the identity:

a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = (a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²−ab−bc−ca)

Take:

a = w,   b = x,   c = −v

Then numerator becomes:

(w + x − v) [(w² + x² + v²) + wx − xv + wv]

Denominator:

w² + v² + x² − 2wv − 2vx + 2wx

= (w + x − v)²

Therefore,

= [(w² + x² + v²) + wx − xv + wv] / (w + x − v)

Answer:

(w² + x² + v² + wx + wv − xv) / (w + x − v)


(iv)

(4y² − 20yz + 25z²) / (25z² − 4y²)

Factor numerator:

4y² − 20yz + 25z²

= (2y − 5z)²

Factor denominator:

25z² − 4y²

= (5z − 2y)(5z + 2y)

= −(2y − 5z)(5z + 2y)

Cancel common factor:

= −(2y − 5z)/(5z + 2y)

Answer:

(5z − 2y)/(5z + 2y)


(v)

[(x² + x − 6)(x² − 7x + 12)] / [(x² − 6x + 8)(x² − 9)]

Factor each expression:

x² + x − 6 = (x + 3)(x − 2)

x² − 7x + 12 = (x − 3)(x − 4)

x² − 6x + 8 = (x − 2)(x − 4)

x² − 9 = (x − 3)(x + 3)

Substituting:

[(x+3)(x−2)(x−3)(x−4)] / [(x−2)(x−4)(x−3)(x+3)]

All factors cancel.

Answer:

1


(vi)

(p⁴ − 16)/(p² − 4p + 4)

Factor numerator:

p⁴ − 16

= (p² − 4)(p² + 4)

= (p − 2)(p + 2)(p² + 4)

Factor denominator:

p² − 4p + 4

= (p − 2)²

Cancel one common factor:

[(p + 2)(p² + 4)] / (p − 2)

Answer:

[(p + 2)(p² + 4)]/(p − 2)