Mathematics solution NCERT
Class 9 - Chapter 4: Exploring Algebraic Identities
Q1: Simplify the following rational expressions (assuming the denominators are not equal to zero).
(i)
(3p² − 3pq − 18q²)/(p² + 3pq − 10q²)
Factor the numerator:
3p² − 3pq − 18q²
= 3(p² − pq − 6q²)
= 3(p − 3q)(p + 2q)
Factor the denominator:
p² + 3pq − 10q²
= (p + 5q)(p − 2q)
Therefore,
(3p² − 3pq − 18q²)/(p² + 3pq − 10q²)
= 3(p − 3q)(p + 2q) / [(p + 5q)(p − 2q)]
Answer:
3(p − 3q)(p + 2q) / [(p + 5q)(p − 2q)]
(ii)
(n³ − 3n²m + 3nm² − m³)/(5m² − 10mn + 5n²)
Recognize the identities:
n³ − 3n²m + 3nm² − m³
= (n − m)³
5m² − 10mn + 5n²
= 5(m − n)²
= 5(n − m)²
Cancel common factors:
(n − m)³ / 5(n − m)²
= (n − m)/5
Answer:
(n − m)/5
(iii)
(w³ − v³ + x³ + 3wvx) / (w² + v² + x² − 2wv − 2vx + 2wx)
Use the identity:
a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = (a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²−ab−bc−ca)
Take:
a = w, b = x, c = −v
Then numerator becomes:
(w + x − v) [(w² + x² + v²) + wx − xv + wv]
Denominator:
w² + v² + x² − 2wv − 2vx + 2wx
= (w + x − v)²
Therefore,
= [(w² + x² + v²) + wx − xv + wv] / (w + x − v)
Answer:
(w² + x² + v² + wx + wv − xv) / (w + x − v)
(iv)
(4y² − 20yz + 25z²) / (25z² − 4y²)
Factor numerator:
4y² − 20yz + 25z²
= (2y − 5z)²
Factor denominator:
25z² − 4y²
= (5z − 2y)(5z + 2y)
= −(2y − 5z)(5z + 2y)
Cancel common factor:
= −(2y − 5z)/(5z + 2y)
Answer:
(5z − 2y)/(5z + 2y)
(v)
[(x² + x − 6)(x² − 7x + 12)] / [(x² − 6x + 8)(x² − 9)]
Factor each expression:
x² + x − 6 = (x + 3)(x − 2)
x² − 7x + 12 = (x − 3)(x − 4)
x² − 6x + 8 = (x − 2)(x − 4)
x² − 9 = (x − 3)(x + 3)
Substituting:
[(x+3)(x−2)(x−3)(x−4)] / [(x−2)(x−4)(x−3)(x+3)]
All factors cancel.
Answer:
1
(vi)
(p⁴ − 16)/(p² − 4p + 4)
Factor numerator:
p⁴ − 16
= (p² − 4)(p² + 4)
= (p − 2)(p + 2)(p² + 4)
Factor denominator:
p² − 4p + 4
= (p − 2)²
Cancel one common factor:
[(p + 2)(p² + 4)] / (p − 2)
Answer:
[(p + 2)(p² + 4)]/(p − 2)